Methods for increasing the solubility of powdered material and products resulting therefrom



April 26, 1966 A. P. STEWART, JR

METHODS FOR INCREASING THE SOLUBILITY OF POWDERED 4 Sheets-Sheet l CHARTE.

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METHODS FOR INCREASING THE SOLUBILITY OF POWDERED MATERIAL AND PRODUCTS RESULTING THEREFROM Filed Sept. 28, 1964 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 CHART 3.

m m 2mb @2* 25 35 GRAMS AVAILABLE WATER PER` )00 GRAMS SYRUP CHART 4.

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METHODS FOR INCREASING THE SOLUBILITY oF PowDERED MATERIAL AND PRODUCTS RESULTING THEREFROM Filed Sept. 22,8l 1964 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 CHART 5.

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: BOLING POINMT OF SYRUP 75 m0 /25 1.?"0 f5 200 225 250 275 300 TEMPERATURE T0 WHiCH SYRUP MUST BE COOLED TO REACH SOLUBJLITY SATURATION United States Patent O 3,248,226 METHODS FOR EJCREASING THE SQLUBILITY F POWDERED MATERIAL AND PRODUCTS RE- SULTING THEREFROM Aubrey P. Stewart, Jr., 801 Grove Ave., Corning, Iowa Filed Sept. 28, 1964, Ser. No. 399,701 8 Claims. (Cl. 953-26) This application is a continuationinpart of my copending application Serial No. 165,828 filed January 12, 1962, and now abandoned.

This invention relates to methods for rendering soluble powdery material and, more particularly, methods for increasing the size and solubility, and enhancing other characteristics of such material, and the products resulting from the practice of such processes.

It is the general object of the present invention to produce new and improved methods and products for treating powdery materials.

It is a more specific object of the present invention to produce a new and novel process for rendering powdery material, such as powdered milk, more soluble and also to render such powdered milk substantially non-hygroscopic.

Flavored powdered milk products have been offered for sale in increasing Volume in recent years. Many of these products comprise a skim milk powder together with a flavoring so that when mixed with water, a avored skim milk drink is obtained. Other products contain a larger proportion of fiavoring and are designed to be added to milk or skim milk to provide a avored milk drink. The most popular avor appears to be chocolate, with sugar, salt and miscellaneous ingredients such as vegetable gum for thickening added to the product to enhance its usability.

Until relatively recently, it was customary merely to dry-blend the skim milk powder, cocoa, sugar, salt and other ingredients and package the mixture for sale. Such a mixture, however, tended to stratify in shipment and storage, the stratification being the result of the difference in particle sizes and densities of the ingredients. Additionally, after a package containing such material was opened, the mixture had a tendency to cake on exposure to the atmosphere because of the hygroscopic nature of some of the ingredients. Furthermore, because of the powder form of the skim milk and cocoa, the product would lump when mixed with water and would reconstitute only after a relatively large amount of agitation.

In more recent years, however, methods have been found for producing a so-called instant skim milk powder, that is, a skim milk powder which may or may not contain tlavoring and other ingredients which will dissolve Y relatively easily and without the agitation that was theretofore required. Such methods rely upon agglomerating spray dried .powder ata relatively high moisture content, at which moisture content the powder is sticky. With sticky powders, the same has a tendency to agglomerate and when the moisture is finally removed, the result is a relatively porous particle having a size many times the size of the powder grains. As an example, the Sharp et al. -U.S. Patent 2,921,857 describes a process in which lactose seeded milk concentrate is spray dried to 10% to 18% moisture and agglomerated while the powder is still wet, together with a iinal drying process. In the Peebles Patent 2,835,586, skim milk powder is moistened to increase its moisture content and allowed to agglomerate and then the agglomerated powder is redried.

The foregoing processes serve to provide a form of skim milk powders wherein the powder is agglomerated into particles of such size that lumping is minimized when mixed with water. Additionally, some non-hygroscopic characteristics are introduced presumably from the lesser surface area exposed in relation to the weight of the powder.

In previous processes, however, the skim milk powder is held at a relatively high moisture content and is dried with heat to the final desired moisture content. Since milk powder is quite sensitive to protein destabilization and insolubility at 10% to 20% moisture content, especially when heated, the time and temperature must be controlled very'carefully in order not to exceed the point where such undesired effects would occur, and it has been my observation that some insoluble protein development does occur in the above processes even under the most carefully controlled conditions.

The foregoing processes for producing instant milk yield, as indicated before, a rather porous, somewhat fluffy particle. Such particle is of low density and requires a relatively large package to contain a given weight of material.

A further object, therefore, of the present invention is to produce a flavored powdered milk product which, when mixed with water, will reconstitute easily and without lumping, prepared by a process which endangers neither the flavor nor the protein content, and which is nonhygroscopic, free flowing, and possesses a relatively high density in addition to exhibiting excellent qualities of flavor retention on storage.

Inasmuch as the process of the present invention may be utilized to pelletize, or instantize as it is sometimes called, many different types of powders, and as binders other than sugar can be utilized, itis a more general object of the invention to produce a process (and the products resulting therefrom) for pelletizing powders of various kinds through the utilization of crystallizable binders.

Other and further objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description and the accomapnying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a 1chart showing the amount of syrup and boiling point of syrup for instantizing powders of Various properties;

FIG. 2 is a chart showing the amount of sugar syrup needed to supply various amounts of available water at solubility saturation temperature;

FIG. 3 is a chart showing the amount of sugar syrup of various boiling points needed to supply various amounts of sugar crystals at 70 F.; i

FIG. 4 is a chart showing the amount of available water per grams of syrup of various boiling points and cooling temperatures;

FlG. 5 is a chart showing the amount of sugar crystals in relation to the boiling point of the syrup and at various cooling temperatures;

FIG. 6 is a chart showing the solubility of sucrose at various temperatures and also the amount of sucrose per 100 grams of syrup of various boiling points; and

FIG. 7 is a chart showing the temperature to which syrup must be cooled to reach solubility saturation.

When crystallizing sugar syrup is added to a powdery material and mixed therewith in a certain manner, the powder particles become bound together by the sugar syrup `and form pellets. The pelletizing is stopped at the stage where the particle, or pellet size, is substantially between 20 and 100 mesh; This 20 to 100 mesh pellet size is sutliciently large to be wetted when mixed with water and does not lump, as do smaller pellet or particle sizes. Larger pellets will wet on the outside but dissolve or disperse in thevwater too slowly.

Water lalone will cause most powdery materials to pelletize, requiring an addition of about 10% to 20% water to the powder and then redrying to a level of 5% in the ca se of powders of medium water absorption character- Patented Apr. 26, 1965 3 istics. This type of powder will be called Type M and includes powdered skim milk and cocoa. About 20% to 30% water is required for high water absorption powders, called Type H, and includes Kraystay S. This needs redrying to and crystals are added to the powder and, as stated above, further sugar crystal formation in the final, cooled pelletized product will bind excess moisture required for pelletizing. Sugar crystals will bind approximately l grams about water. A low water type of powder will be 5 moisture per 100 grams of crystals. Thus, to determine called Type L, and can ybe pelletized by about 7% to 15% available water for pelletizing and supplying water to added water and needs to lbe redried to about 3% moistake care of the natural water absorption properties of ture. An example of Type L powder is fumarie acid. the powder being pelletized, for every 100 grams of crys- When water `alone is used to pelletize, the surfaces tals in the syrup at the time of pelletizing must be deducted of the powder itself become the adhesive and the parti- 10 l0 grams of water from the total water in the syrup to cles form loose, low bulk density aggregates. Such parobtain available water. ticles are frequently quite fragile and break apart in ship- Chart 5 shows the relationship between boiling point ping or handling. of sucrose sugar Syrups and `concentration of sucrose in When crystallizing sugar syrup is the adhesive, the syrup the syrup. This chart also shows the solubility of sucrose becomes, (a) a binder to stick the particles together durat various temperatures. From this Chart 5 was prepared ing pelletizing to form `a high bulk density pellet, (b) a Chart 4, which shows the grams sugar crystals formed in crystalline coating material surrounding the particles, and various boiling point syrups when cooled and seeded at (c) a nal product where the sugar Vcrystals serve to -bind various pelletizing temperatures. Chart 4 also shows the water and give a dry, free flowing powder. grams of sugar crystals formed from the syrup when By using a crystallizing sugar syrup for pelletizing, added to the powder for pelletizing and the nal product it is found that the crystallization of sugar on yaddition to cooled to 70 F. the powder being pelletized and the iinal product, when Chart 3 shows the available water per 100 grams cooled to room temperature, will contain a maximum various boiling point sucrose sugar syrups when cooled to amount of crystals and the crystal Iformation is more rapid various temperatures prior to use for pelletizing. This and `complete in comparison with adding a non-crystal- Chart 3 takes into account the 10 grams of unavailable, lizing sugar syrup. This is probably Ibecause most powders or bound, Water per 100 grams of crystals present in the inhibit sugar crystallization. Thus, pre-crystallization of syrup at each `cooling temperature. 4at least a part of the sugar in the syrup before addition to In my process it is desiredto add sugar syrup of such the powder to be pelletized is beneficial and a feature of sugar to water concentration, in such amounts and at such this invention. a temperature to provide to the powder being pelletized a Another important feature of this invention is to provide sucient amount of available water to take care of the sufficient syrup to pelletize in the 20 to 100 mesh size, but natural water absorption properties of the powder plus not so much as to form large pellets (dough balls) yor a approximately 5 grams water per 100 grams powder to pasty mass which must 'be cooled, hardened and ground. cause pellet formation substantially in the size range of 20 This latter condition is undesirable inasmuch as the ground to 100 mesh. Furthermore, the final product, cooled to product will have particles which are not well coated with A70" F., desirably contains sufficient sugar crystals to bind sugar crystals, involves an additional long-hardening and the 5 grams of available pelletizing water and yield a dry, grinding operation and requires heavy equipment to mix free flowing product. the pasty material. Chart l shows the relationship between boiling point The syrup, at time of pelletizing, should contain su- 40 ofthe syrup and amount of syrup required, when cooled to cient moisture to accommodate thevnatural water absorpa temperature where the solubility is such that the syrup tion properties of the powder being pelletized, and supply just commences to `crystallize, to yield various amounts of an additional amount of water to cause pelletizing. Also, available water. This chart also shows the amount of the syrup should be saturated with sugar in soluble form, syrup, of various boiling points, to yield 50 grams or 100 which increases the effectiveness of the water las an adgrams of sugar crystals when cooled to 70 F. From hesive binder, and contains at least some crystals to prothis chart the minimum amount of syrup may be selected, vide seed to allow fast crystal formation as the pelletized of proper boiling point and cool (pelletizing) temperature powder is cooled. The syrup must also :be of sufficient to pelletize products under conditions represented in amount to provide suflicient sugar crystals, after pelletizing Table I. and cooling, to bind the water needed to pelletize and The following Table I shows examples of the desired thus yield a dry, free flowing powder. amount of available water required to pelletize powders I have found that the moisture binding power of sucrose of various water absorption properties.

Table l Available Available Sugar crystals water reqd. water reqd. required in Type Examples Rate at which for powder for pelletizing final F. Resulting powder pelletized absorption gms. per 100 product gms. product gms. per 100 grns. powder per 100 gms. gms. powder powder Type H 10 5 100 ry.

10 5 50 Med. dry 5 5 100 Very dry 5 5 50 Dry. 10 10 50 s1. wet Type M. 5 5 100 Dry 5 5 50 Med. dry 0 5 100 Very dry 0 5 50 Dry. 5 10 5o si. wet Type L 2.5 5 100 Dry 2.5 5 50 Med. dry. 0 5 100 Very dry. 0 5 50 Dry. 2.5 10 50 Sl.\vet.

crystals is apparently suflicient to make such bound mois;

The following examples illustrate the data available ture unavailable for pelletizing at the time the sugar syrup from the foregoing table.

Example 1.-.'I`o pelletize 100 grams cocoa (Type M) powder with a small amount of sucrose sugar syrup, using normal rate of addition of syrup to powder, yielding a final product which is medium dry (will be free flowing however, and generally satisfactory, although |has a tendency to cake -somewhat if tightly packed in packaging). This requires 10.0 grams available water from the syrup at time of pelletizing -and the final product should have 50 grams sucrose crystals to Ibind the 5.0 grams of pelletizing water. The 100 grams cocoa will bind the remaining 5.0 grams available water tto produce a sufficiently dry, free rllowing product. From Chart l it is Seen that 83 grams of a 240 P. boiling point syrup, cooled to 238 F. will meet the requirements.

Example 2.-To pelletize 100 grams cocoa (Type M) powder with equal parts (100 grams) sucrose sugar syrup. The 100 grams cocoa will require 5.0 grams available water to take care of its water absorptive properties and additionally 5.0 Agrams available water to pelletize for a total of 10.0 grams. From Chart 3 it is vfound that 100 grams of 240 F. boiling point syrup will furnis-h 10 grams available water when cooled and seeded at 200 F. before adding to the cocoa. After pelletizing and cooling to 70 F., the 100 grams of 240 F. boiling point syrup will, upon complete crystallization, furnish 61 grams sucrose crystals tothe product (Chart 4). At the 200 F. temperature at which the crystalliz-ing syrup was added to the cocoa, the syrup contained 29 grams sucro-se crystals (extrapolation from Chart 4), which was ltaken into account in determining free moisture in` Chart 3. This additional crystallization of 61-29=32 grams sucrose crystals in the final 70 F. product will bind practically all of the pelletizing water and the cocoa will bind the remaining Water to yield a dry, free flowing product.

Example 3.-To pellet-ize 100 grams cocoa (Type M) powder with 200 -grams sucrose sugar syrup. From Chart 3 it may be seen that each 100 gramsof 250 F. boiling point syrup, seeded and cooled to 230 F., will furnish 5 grams available Water -for pelletizing and satisfying the water absorption demand of cocoa. Thus, 200 grams will provide the total of gram-s available water for 100 grams cocoa. After pelletizing and cooling to 70 F., the syrup will form 146 grams sucrose crystals (Chart 4). At 230 F. the sugar syrup contains 80 grams sucrose crystals which was taken into account in Chart 3 for determining available water. Thus, 146-80=66 grams sucrose crystals which `are available and `ample to bind .the pellet-izing water of the`syrup to form -a dry nal product.

All three of the preceding examples produced a pelletized cocoa which, when mixed with water, wetted and dropped beneath the surface without lumping and without stirring, and the pellets dissolved and completely dispersed after stirring for 30 seconds.

The-bulk density of the cocoa lbefore -instantizing was .305 gram per cc. loose packed and .360 gram per cc, ramp-packed. In comparison, the pelletizedcocoa had the following bulk densities:

Loose packed Temp-packed gms/cc. gms/ec.

Example A 555 .610 Example B 565 645 Example C .640 672 drying, since the water required to pelletize is less and this water is in -turn bound by the sugar crystals after pelletizin-g has been completed.

'The rate of syrup addition to the powder to be pelletized and the efficiency of the mixing operation will somewhat alter the amount, concentration and temperature of syrup used. Thus, with fast addition of syrup the powder does not -have ltime to absorb water `and available water furnished by the syrupcan be lessened. This condition is helpful if a. very eicient, high speed mixer is used and it is desired to keep the sugar added to the powder at a minimum. However, I have found that at least 1 part sucrose to 4 parts powder is necessary to provide Sullicient `sucrose to coat the particles. On the other hand, very slow .addition of syrup to the powderwill provide time to further cool and form add-itional crystals in the product before pelletizing is completed, thus red-ucing available water in the syrup :and'either requiring `a greater amount of syrup or a syrup of lower boiling point, or a syrup cooled to a higher `temperature at the time of pelletizing. This may be beneficial where `a large amount of sucrose is desired to be added `to the powder. I have found that, in general, equal pants of sucrose toI powder provides sufHcient sucrose crystal coating of the powder to give it good dispersibility or solubility when stirred into water. An even higher ratio of as much as 4 parts sucrose to 1 part powder imparts characteristics of `finely granulated sugar to the product and this may be desired for `certain uses.

The type of mixers utilized in the examples given here have been of Ithe general kitchen and bakery mixer type, including bakery mixers of from lbs. to 3,000l lbs. 'batch sizes.

If the available moisture from the syrup is much beyond the amount necessary to satisfy the natural Water absorption demands of the powder to be pelletized p-lus the 5 to 10 grams of mixture per 100 grams of powder necessary to pelletize, the powder-syrup mixture tends to form large dough balls, or apasty mass, which is quite undesirable. Thus, for example, `the process shown in U.S. Letters Patent No. 2,336,254 is such as to bring the mixture to a doughy consistency.

If the pelletizing moisture (that in additionto available moisture used to satisfy powder water absorption demands) is too low, below 5.0 grams per 100 grams of powder, and certainly if below 2.5 gnams, the powder will not pelletize to ya sufficient extent to give satisfactory results.

I-f the amo-unt of crystal format-ion in the final product, available for binding of the pelletizing water, is too low, the product will tend to'be Wet, cake, and not be free flowing. I ihave found that 100 grams of sucrose crystals (additional crystals formed by cooling from pelletizing temperature of the syrup `to 70 FL) will bind approximately 10 grams of walter. If 4the crystals are insufli'cient to bind the pelletizing water, a satisfactory product can sometimes be obtained by a final drying. Such drying requirements are oflesser extent than conventional wetredry pellet-izing processes for reasons previously mentioned, and generally may be accomplished with simply relatively dry air at roomi temperature.

To determine the natural water absorptive'power of powders tobe pelletized, I have added increments of water slowly, and with mixing, to the powders and determined the point 'at which thev powder 'becomes veryr slightly damp to the touch, and just before the powder will tend-to compress and stick together when placed under pressure. Examples are cocoa, vrequiring 5 grams water per 100 grams powder; Kraystay S requiring 10 grams water per 100 grams; and fumaric acid requiring 2.5 grams water per. 100 grams.

Chart 6 illustrates proper sucrose sugar syrup conditions for pelletizing-powders when minimum amounts of syrup are desired (maximum available moisture at time of pelletizing per quantity of syrup, by utilizing barely crystallizing syrup), and yet suicient crystals in the final product to bi-nd the excess moisture available for pelletizing. Chart 7 is used to determine the temperature to which sucrose sugar syrup of various boiling points must becooled to initiate crystallization.

I have lfound that compounds other than sucrose can be successfully used as pelletiz'ing material for powders. These compounds should have the properties of, (a) being very soluble in water at higher temperatures, (b) crystallize at lower temperatures, and (c) :impart relatively good non-hygroscopic properties to the powder.

Such compounds .include aluminum potassium sulfate, trisodium phosphate and dextrose. i

Examples of powders which have been successfully pelletized are given as follows:

Example 4.-Sodium aluminum sulfate is used as a slow acid releasing compound in the presence of Water and this acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate in flour mixtures to form carbon dioxide when used for baking. Difculty has been experienced with sodium aluminum sulfate being hygroscopic, cakes, and is not free owing. In cake mixes this property may be Iimparted to the cake mix itself.

250 grams sodium aluminum sulfate (finely powdered) was mixed with 200 grams sucrose in the `form of a 235 F. boiling point syrup, cooled to 190 F. and seeded before mixing with the sodium aluminum sulfate. Pellets were formed, substantially all of which were in the to 100 mesh size range. Upon cooling, the product was free flowing and did not cake when placed in an atmosphere of relative humidity for 72 hours.

Grams per 100 grams powder Available moisture 12.3 Available crystals at 70 F 31 Above conditions give a slight excess of moisture for a Type L-M product.

Grams per 100 grams powder Available moisture 16.7 Available crystals at 70 F 60 Above conditions good for Type H powder.

Example 6 Kraystay S (200 grams) was pelletized with 400 grams aluminum potassium sulfate,

which was made into a 95% syrup by mixing with sufcient water to dissolve and boiling olf the water. The syrup was cooled to 190 F. and seeded with finely powdered aluminum potassium sul-fate crystals. The crystallizing syrup was then added slowly to the mixing Kraystay S to form pelle-ts between 20 and 100 mesh. The resulting product was free flowing and dispersed readily in water without lumping.

Example 7.-This was the same as Example 6 except that 91% hot aluminum potassium sulfate syrup was used in the ratio -of 200 grams Alk(SO4)212H2O to 200 grams Kraystay S. The syrup was cooled to 190 F. and seeded before addition. The resulting product was similar in nature to Example 6.

Example 8,-Kraystay S (200 grams) was pelletized with a trisodium phosphate syrup containing 400 grams Na3PO4- 12H20 cooled and seeded at 190 F. The resul-ting product was free ilowing and dispersed readily in water without lumping.

Example 9.--Sesame protein ilour, commercially known as Polymine-S Sesame Protein was obtained from Food Techniques, Inc. of San lose, California. This product is extremely difcult to wet and disperse in water and will lump and lloat on the surface of the water even with much stirring.

To 200 grams of sesame protein lour'was added 400 grams of sucrose in the form .of a 240 F. boiling point syrup, seeded and cooled to 190 F. before use as a binder. The resulting product had 20 -to 100 mesh pellets which did not lump when stirred into water and dispersed readily. It also had less tendency to cake-and was free ilo-wing, compared with the non-pelletized ilour.

Grams per grams ilour Available moisture 19.2 Available crystals at 70 F. 62

Above conditions good for Type H+ powder.

Example J0. Fumarc acid, Tween 80, and dextrose syrup as bznder.-Fumaric acid has a low water solubility but this does not prevent its use, within the limits of its solubility, as an acidulan-t lin fruit avored drinks and beverages. However, in an effort to increase the rate of solubility in cold water, ne grinding has brought about the problem of lump-ing when added to water.

Although crystallizing sucrose syrup greatly reduced lumping of fumarie acid when mixed with water, dextrose was found to be better. Also, it was discovered that rIween 80 was of further aid in'bringing about very rapid dis- 'persion and complete solution of fumaric acid` Tween 80 is a well known wetting agent.

To 200 grams of iinely ground (smaller than 200 mesh) fumaric acid was added 20 grams Tween 80. To this was added 200 grams dextrose in the .form of a 260 F. boiling point syrup which was cooled and seeded at 180 F. before adding to the fumarie acid. The resulting product mixed into cold water without lumping, dispersed readily and dissolved very quickly.

Example 11. Sodium bicarbonate with sucrose syrup as binden-Sodium bicarbonate (Nal-1G03) dissolves well in Water without lumping but does not have good free owing characteristics and Ihas a tendency to cake.

200 grams of 200 mesh NaHCO3 was pelletized with 150 grams of sucrose in the form of a 245 F. boiling point syrup, cooled and seeded at E. After equilibrating with room temperature air for 16 hours, the nal product dissolved slightly more rapidly in water and was free owing compared with non-pelletized Nal-ICOS.

Grams per 100 grams powder Available moisture 7.2

Available crystals at 70 F 22 Above conditions for Type L powder, left powder of slightly excess moisture, which was corrected by equilibrating with air at room temperature.

Example 12.-Powdered sugar has well known tenden- Above conditions satisfactory for Type M-H powders when equilibrated with room temperature air.

Example l-It is possible Ato reduce sugar syrup to powder ratio to a minimum by the addition of a certain amount of water to the powder before mixing the powder with the syrup. Thus, the natural water absorptive properties of the powder may be fulfilled and syrup used only to fulfill the demand in becoming a binder for pelletizing and, upon cooling, furnishing suflicient crystals to provide a free flowing powder and satisfactory sugar coating of the particles.

200 grams cocoa was intimately mixed with l grams water. To this was added 123 grams sugar in the form of a 254.F. boiling point sugar, cooled and seeded at 252 F. and added at 252 F. The resulting product was primarily in the pellet size range of 20 to 100 mesh and dispersed in water without lumping. It was also free owing. Dispersion was good, butnot as fast as examples where a higher sugar to cocoa ratio was used.

The following additional examples of commercial mixes further exemplify the process:

'Example 14.-26 lbs. cocoa, 1.5 lbs. powdered vanilla, 2'lbs. salt, 1.5 lbs. sodium citrate, 1.5 lbs. guar seed gum, and 240 lbs. skim milk powder for a total of 272.5 lbs. To this was added 300 lbs. sugar in the form of a 246 F. syrup (92.7%), or 324 lbs. syrup, cooled to 210 F.

Grams per 100 grams powder Available moisture from syrup at pelletizing temperature Available (moisture binding) crystals at 70 F 35 Above conditionsl satisfactory for Type M powder although rate of pelletizing was fairly fast to partially overcome effects of water absorption of the powder during pelletizing, sin-ce available water from the syrup was on the low side.

Example 15.--4.75 lbs. salt, 3.0 lbs. sodium citrate, 495 lbs. skim milk powder, 5 lbs. strawberry flavor, and 0.1 lb. red coloring for a total of 508 lbs. To this was added 500 lbs. sugar in the form of a 246 F. boiling point syrup, or 540 lbs. syrup, cooled to 215 F.

7.7 grams per 100 grams powder -|-1.0 grams from strawberry flavor Available moisture:

A valuable application of my process results from mixing highly hygroscopic materials such as dehydrated orange juice with crystallizing sucrose syrup to yield a product of less hygroscopic qualities and one more easily reconstituted in water without lumping.

One of the definite advantages of my invention which will be obvious to those skilled in the art, is that no complex machinery or controls are required in order to carry out the process, and relatively inexpensive equipment may be used for the production of the products.

Having described my invention as related to the embodiments set out herein, it is my intention that the invention be not limited by any of the details of description unless otherwise specified, but rather be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as set out in the accompanying claims.

I claim:

1. The method of forming pellets of a powdery material which comprises initiating crystallization of a crystallizable binder, adding the binder while it is still crystallizing to the powder, said binder having between 2.5 and 20 grams of water per 100 grams of material available after absorption of water by said material to form the material into pellets having a size between 20 and mesh without forming the same into a mass having the consistency of dough.

2. The method of forming pellets of a powdery material which comprises initiating crystallization of a crystallizable binder, adding the binder while it is still crystallizing to the powder, said binder having between 5 and 10 grams of water per 100 grams of material available after absorption of water by said material to form the material into pellets having a size between 20 and 100 mesh without forming the same into a mass having the consistency of dough.

3. The method of forming pellets of a powdery material which comprises initiating crystallization of .a crystallizable binder, adding the binder while it is still crystallizing to the power, said binder having between 5 and 10 grams of water per 100 grams of material available after absorption of water by said material to form the material into pellets having a size between 20 and 100 mesh without forming the same into a mass having the consistency of dough, and said binder forming sufficient crystals upon completion of crystallization to bind said available water in the pelletized material.

4. The method of forming pellets of a powdery material which comprises initiating crystallization of a crystallizable binder, adding the binder while it is still crystallizing to the powder, said binder having between 5 and 10 grams of water per 100 grams of material available after absorption of water by said material to form the material into pellets having .a size between 20 and 100 mesh without forming the same into a mass having the consistency of dough, and said binder forming approximately 10 grams of crystals for each gram of available water upon completion of the crystallization to bind said available water in the pelletized material.

5. The method of claim 4 in which the binder is dextrose.

6. The method of claim 4 in which the binder is sucrose.

7. The method of claim 4 in which the binder is aluminum potassium sulfate.

8. Thel method of claim 4 in which the binder is trisodium phosphate.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 1956, Reinhold Publ. 6, New York, page 52.

Silver et al., Manufacture of Compressed Tablets, 1944, publ. by J. Stokes Machine Co., Phila., Pa., pp. 8, 12 and 13.

A. LOUIS MONACELL, Primary Examiner. 

1. THE METHOD OF FORMING PELLETS OF A POWDERY MATERIAL WHICH COMPRISES INITIATING CRYSTALLIZATION OF A CRYSTALLIZABLE BINDER, ADDING THE BINDER WHIL IT IS STILL CRYSTALIZING TO THE POWER, SAID BINDER HAVING BETWEEN 2.5 AND 20 GRAMS OF WATER PER 100 GRAMS OF MATERIAL AVAILABLE AFTER ABSORPTION OF WATER BY SAID MATERIAL TO FORM THE MATERIAL INTO PELLETS HAVING A SIZE BETWEEN 20 AND 100 MESH WITHOUT FORMING THE SAME INTO A MASS HAVING THE CONSISTENCY OF DOUGH. 